Purpose: To report a case of choroidal malignant melanoma metastasis to the CONTRALATERAL ORBIT five years after enucleation. Patient and findings: A 70-year-old man with symptom of proptosis and decreased visual acuity came to our clinic. He had history of choroidal malignant melanoma in his left eye 5 years ago and the eye was enucleated at that time. Biopsy from his right ORBIT showed malignant melanoma. Radiotherapy was recommended but he refused further treatment. After six months he came to the clinic with severe proptosis and pain. Vision was NLP. He underwent radiotherapy and the proptosis was cured and his pain resolved.Conclusion: ORBITal involvement after enucleation due to malignant melanoma is rare but possible even after many years therefore carefully and regularly examination of the fellow eye after enucleation is mandatory.

The main purpose of this paper is to provide a regular design process of drag sail for deORBITing a satellite in LEO ORBIT concerning the mission requirements. In this regard, the design requirements and manufacturing considerations of the drag sail have been studied at first. The paper continued with different atmospheric models and the necessary equations for the initial design of the drag sail. Then, with the help of the Life-Time (LT) tool in STK software, the deORBITing time of several satellites with different mass to surface ratios from two initial altitudes of 700 and 800 km was obtained. In this calculation, three models of static and dynamic atmospheric density: Harris-Priester, Jacchia-Roberts, and MSISE2000, have been used. Usually, these data and pieces of information are using to design the suitable sail specifications (size, shape and, mass) to remove satellites from the Leo ORBIT. Finally, using the presented equations and provided diagrams, a drag sail is designed to deORBIT a 20 kg satellite from an initial height of 800 km with a mass to surface ratio of 0.01 kg/m. The geometry of this sail is selected in a square shape and based on four beams. This geometry is chosen by compromising between the two elements of reliability and flexibility. The simulation results show that the designed sail can meet the mission requirements of the deORBITing system and take the satellite out of ORBIT within 3.6 years.

In this paper, the effective parameters in access time of a low earth ORBIT (LEO) satellite, in a ground user, are studied and outcome of each one is estimated on it. Then the total access time of a single LEO satellite has been maximized. For this purpose, the inclination angle of ORBIT, to the equator, has been optimized in various satellite altitudes and ground station’s latitudes. The obtained results, once considered along with the power supply issue, give a comprehensive vision for LEO satellite ORBIT design. Then the satellite access to the sun, as the energy source, has also been evaluated. Simulations have been done by the satellite tool kit (STK) software.

LEO ORBIT space radiations in which the protons has the main contribution, have survived devastating effects on electronic components. The damage caused by ionizing protons on the satellite electrical components in the circuit LEO moves was reviewed. By studying the LEO ORBIT by Shieldose software, the worst-case scenario was evaluated for a satellite. Considering the electronic components based on metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), a design for protection against TID originated from captured protons was done by MULASSIS software based on Monte Carlo calculations. Considering the weight and volume constraints, multiple layers for ionizing dose reduction were studied. Results show that a three-layer combination of shielding materials including low, high and low density materials, which simultaneously optimize the weight and volume, makes the optimum protection.

Hydatid cysts may be encountered in almost every body organ; however, they rarely involve the ORBIT. This study presents a rare case of hydatid cyst of the ORBIT causing unilateral axial proptosis in a 74-year-old man. The patient underwent lateral ORBITotomy and a large solitary cyst was removed.

A 14- year-old girl who had an upper eyelid mass for 3 months (without any pain or other symptoms) was referred to us. The ORBITal CT-scan revealed a superomedial ORBITal mass and excisional biopsy reported a giant eccrine hidrocystoma.

Experiments wee performed to evaluate the CONTRALATERAL effect of adjuvant induced mono arthritis. In these experiments Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) was used to investigate changes in blood flow. Adjuvant was applied to induce chronic inflammation. Temperature and knee diameter increased in the first week after administration in the administrated knee joint.Substance p (SP) (a neruokinin with a vaosodjlatory effect) was applied topically to the adjuvant treated knee joint and adjuvant altered and attenuated the effect of SP on blood flow, which was consistent during the three weeks. In the other knee joint (CONTRALATERAL) inflammatory effect of the adjuvant was revealed during these experiments. An increase in the temperature and knee diameter and alteration of the effect of SP on blood flow was observed in the CONTRALATERAL knee joint during week one after administration. The increased diameter and temperature abated in week two and three. As the diameter and temperature of ankle joints did not change during the experiments in both ankle it suggests a neurogenic CONTRALATERAL effect of arthritis

The aim of this paper is to compute the novel counting polynomial, ORBIT polynomial,the symmetry index and the ORBIT-entropy of several classes of networkThe aim of this paper is to compute the novel counting polynomial, ORBIT polynomial,the symmetry index and the ORBIT-entropy of several classes of network

Purpose: To introduce leiomyoma as a rare benign tumor of the ORBIT that must be differentiated from the malignant tumors like melanoma or rhabdomyosarcoma. Patient and findings: A 20 years old girl with exotropia of 35 PD, limitation of lateral gaze and positive forced duction test was referred at 1998. She reported that she had an intraocular mass with clinical and radiological diagnosis of melanoma, but she had not accepted enucleation and she went to England for further evaluation. After fine needle biopsy, the diagnosis of benign leiomyoma was established and the mass was excised. Six months later she underwent cataract surgery and after a few months, strabismus was corrected with surgical intervention. Finally she was orthotropic with a visual acuity of 9/10 in that eye. Conclusion: For making an accurate diagnosis, especially in young adults we suggest fine needle biopsy of anterior segment tumors, before any invasive surgeries.